Different brainwave patterns reflect different mental states such as drowsiness, relaxation, and active attention. Abnormal brainwave patterns may reflect underlying psychiatric problems. Quantitative EEG is a method to analyze one’s brainwave patterns and identify abnormalities and localize them to specific areas of the brain.
Quantitative EEG is not used to diagnose in isolation but can assist clinicians in diagnosing patients undergoing proper clinical evaluation. In particular, quantitative EEG appears useful in distinguishing different physical subtypes within diagnoses, which may be responsive to different treatments. In one recent study of 159 children, one particular EEG abnormality correctly identified those children diagnosed with ADHD 87% of the time and correctly identified those without ADHD 94% of the time, which was much better than the rates found in using parent and teacher rating scales. Those diagnosed with ADHD had different brain abnormalities that would not be responsive to the same treatment.
Neurofeedback
Once we identify abnormality in the brain with quantitative EEG the question is what to do about it. Medications are frequently the answer. Another solution employs EEG as a treatment modality. Neurofeedback, also called EEG biofeedback or neurotherapy, attempts to normalize abnormal brainwave patterns using EEGs as a biofeedback tool. In repeated sessions, one receives positive visual and auditory cues as brainwave abnormalities achieve more normal patterns. Basically, neurofeedback is a way of retraining one’s brain.
There are a growing number of research studies indicating the effectiveness of neurofeedback, primarily in ADHD, but also in seizures, traumatic brain injury, anxiety and depression. In a recent issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America the editors concluded: “EEG biofeedback meets the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry criteria for clinical guidelines (CG) for treatment of ADHD, seizure disorders, anxiety (OCD, GAD, PTSD, phobias), depression, reading disabilities, and addictive disorders.”
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